Relis d'abord la liste complete des key terms du chapitre. Puis reponds au QCM : a chaque tentative, 15 termes sont tires au hasard parmi les 200 de ce chapitre, avec des definitions d'autres termes comme pieges.
| Terme (EN) | Definition (EN) | FR |
|---|---|---|
| PAN (personal area network) | a network of personal devices in close proximity, wired or wireless | reseau personnel |
| LAN (local area network) | a group of devices sharing resources in one area, usually Ethernet | reseau local |
| WLAN (wireless LAN) | a LAN where devices connect wirelessly instead of by cable | reseau local sans fil |
| MAN (metropolitan area network) | a network connecting multiple LANs/sites within the same city | reseau metropolitain |
| WAN (wide area network) | a network connecting sites over a large geographic area | reseau etendu |
| WWAN (wireless WAN) | wireless connectivity over a large geographic area, e.g. cellular | reseau etendu sans fil |
| WMN (wireless mesh network) | a wireless network where peer radio devices pass data to each other, good for emergencies and large distances | reseau maille sans fil |
| SAN (storage area network) | a collection of storage devices used by multiple servers, centrally managed | reseau de stockage |
| Bluetooth | a short-range wireless PAN technology operating in the 2.4 GHz range | Bluetooth |
| hub | a basic network device that repeats incoming data out every port except the one it arrived on, causing possible collisions | concentrateur (hub) |
| switch | a network device that reads the destination MAC address and forwards data only to the correct port | commutateur |
| managed switch | a switch with its own IP address that can be configured and monitored remotely | commutateur gere |
| unmanaged switch | a simple switch with no configuration options, typical in homes/small offices | commutateur non gere |
| RJ45 | the 8-conductor connector used for Ethernet network cabling | connecteur RJ45 |
| Ethernet | the most common wired LAN technology, running over twisted pair or fiber cable | Ethernet |
| workgroup | a small network model (home/small business) with locally managed user accounts on each device | groupe de travail |
| domain | a corporate network model with centrally managed user accounts and security policies | domaine |
| private network | a Windows network profile for a trusted network (home/work) that allows network discovery | reseau prive |
| public network | a Windows network profile for an untrusted network (e.g. a library) with network discovery disabled | reseau public |
| iSCSI | a protocol used to connect a server/PC to SAN storage over a network | iSCSI |
| FC (Fibre Channel) | a high-speed connection technology commonly used to link servers to a SAN | Fibre Channel |
| UTP (unshielded twisted pair) | the most common copper networking cable, with 4 twisted pairs and no extra shielding | paire torsadee non blindee |
| STP (shielded twisted pair) | twisted pair cable with extra foil shielding, used where extra interference protection is needed | paire torsadee blindee |
| Cat 5e | a UTP category supporting up to Gigabit Ethernet at 100 m | categorie 5e |
| Cat 6 | a UTP category with tighter specs to reduce crosstalk, common in industry | categorie 6 |
| Cat 6a | a UTP category supporting 10GBaseT Ethernet | categorie 6a |
| Cat 7 | a cable category usually using STP, supporting up to 40 Gb/s | categorie 7 |
| direct burial cable | outdoor/underground cable with waterproofing and extra insulation so it needs no conduit | cable enfoui direct |
| plenum-rated cable | fire-retardant cable required in a building's air circulation spaces | cable plenum |
| PVC (cable) | cheaper cable with a plastic jacket, easier to install than plenum cable | cable PVC |
| RJ45 | the 8-conductor connector used for network (Ethernet) cabling | connecteur RJ45 |
| RJ11 | the 4-conductor connector used for telephone cabling | connecteur RJ11 |
| straight-through cable | a patch cable wired the same standard (T568A or T568B) on both ends, used to connect a device to a switch | cable droit |
| crossover cable | a cable wired T568A on one end and T568B on the other, used to connect two like devices directly | cable croise |
| T568A | one of the two standard color-order wiring schemes for RJ45 connectors | norme T568A |
| T568B | the more popular of the two standard color-order wiring schemes for RJ45 connectors | norme T568B |
| crimper | a tool that permanently attaches an RJ45/RJ11 connector to a cable | pince a sertir |
| cable stripper | a tool that removes the outer jacket of a cable to expose the conductors (also called a wire stripper) | pince a denuder |
| cable tester | a device used to verify a cable works correctly after termination | testeur de cable |
| twisted pair cable | cable with four twisted conductor pairs, used for most modern networking | cable a paires torsadees |
| patch panel | a rack-mounted panel with front-facing network ports wired to cabling in the walls | panneau de brassage |
| PoE (Power over Ethernet) | a technology that delivers electrical power to a device over the same cable carrying its network data | alimentation par cable Ethernet |
| PoE switch | a network switch with built-in PoE that supplies power and data on the same cable | commutateur PoE |
| PoE injector | a standalone device that adds PoE power to a standard Ethernet cable for a non-PoE switch or device | injecteur PoE |
| Ethernet over Power (EoP) | technology that sends network data over electrical wiring/outlets, also called powerline communication | courant porteur en ligne (CPL) |
| cable management system | a system (racks, ladder racks, labeling) used to keep network cabling organized and safe | systeme de gestion des cables |
| punchdown tool | a tool used to connect network or phone cables to a patch panel or punchdown block | outil de perforation (punchdown) |
| punchdown block | a block used to terminate phone cables, connected using a punchdown tool | bloc de perforation telephonique |
| loopback plug | a plug that tests a port/circuitry by sending a signal out and checking it is received back | bouchon de test en boucle |
| tone generator | a tool that injects a tone down a cable so its far end can be identified | generateur de tonalite |
| toner probe | a probe touched to a cable's far end to detect the tone from a tone generator | sonde de detection de tonalite |
| network tap | a hardware or software device that monitors/copies network traffic for analysis, also called a breakout tap | sonde reseau (tap) |
| OSI model | a 7-layer standard model describing how network communication works | modele OSI |
| frame | the unit of data at the OSI data link layer | trame |
| packet | the unit of data at the OSI network layer | paquet |
| TCP/IP | the protocol suite used on modern networks and required for internet access | TCP/IP |
| network protocol | a data communication language used between network devices | protocole reseau |
| IP address | a unique 32-bit (IPv4) or 128-bit (IPv6) address identifying a device on a network | adresse IP |
| MAC address | a unique 48-bit hexadecimal address burned into a NIC, used at the data link layer | adresse MAC |
| router | a device that connects two or more networks, operating at the network/internet layer | routeur |
| physical address | another name for a MAC address, the Layer 2 hardware address of a NIC | adresse physique |
| IPv4 | the 32-bit IP addressing scheme, shown in dotted decimal notation, most common on LANs | IPv4 |
| IPv6 | the 128-bit IP addressing scheme, shown in hexadecimal, used by corporate devices/ISPs | IPv6 |
| link-local address | an IPv6 address used only to communicate within the local network, not across to other networks | adresse locale de liaison |
| network number | the portion of an IP address identifying which network a device is on | numero de reseau |
| host address | the portion of an IP address identifying a specific device on its network | adresse hote |
| broadcast address | the address used to reach every device on a network (host portion all 1s/255) | adresse de diffusion |
| public IP address | an IP address that is routable directly on the internet | adresse IP publique |
| private IP address | an IP address used inside a home/business network, not routable directly on the internet | adresse IP privee |
| VLAN (virtual local area network) | a numbered grouping of devices within a switch, creating separate logical networks | reseau local virtuel |
| subnet mask | a number that marks which part of an IP address is the network and which part is the host | masque de sous-reseau |
| CIDR | classless inter-domain routing - subnet masks that don't follow standard class boundaries, sized to actual host needs | routage inter-domaines sans classe |
| 802.11 | the family of IEEE wireless LAN standards (Wi-Fi) | 802.11 (Wi-Fi) |
| 802.11a | an early 5 GHz Wi-Fi standard, up to 54 Mb/s, incompatible with 802.11b | 802.11a |
| 802.11b | an early 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi standard, up to 11 Mb/s | 802.11b |
| 802.11g | a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi standard, up to 54 Mb/s, backward compatible with 802.11b | 802.11g |
| 802.11i | the 802.11 amendment covering wireless security, including AES | 802.11i |
| 802.11n | a Wi-Fi standard using 2.4/5 GHz and MIMO, up to 600 Mb/s | 802.11n |
| 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) | a 5 GHz Wi-Fi standard using MU-MIMO, up to 6.93 Gb/s | 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) |
| 802.11ad | a 60 GHz Wi-Fi standard (Wi-Gig), up to 6.76 Gb/s | 802.11ad |
| 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) | a Wi-Fi standard using 2.4/5/6 GHz, efficient with many devices | 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) |
| 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) | the newest Wi-Fi standard, using 2.4/5/6 GHz with up to 16 data streams | 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) |
| 2.4 GHz | a common Wi-Fi frequency band, longer range but more crowded | bande 2,4 GHz |
| 5 GHz | a common Wi-Fi frequency band, faster and less crowded but shorter range | bande 5 GHz |
| 6 GHz | the newest Wi-Fi frequency band, used by Wi-Fi 6E/802.11ax and Wi-Fi 7 | bande 6 GHz |
| access point (AP) | the central device coordinating a wireless network, like a wireless hub | point d'acces |
| wireless bridge | a device/software connecting two or more networks, possibly wireless to wired | pont sans fil |
| wireless extender | a device (also called a repeater) that relays a wireless signal to extend coverage, sharing the root AP's SSID | repeteur / prolongateur de portee |
| SSID | the up to 32-character name identifying a wireless network | SSID (nom du reseau sans fil) |
| SSID not found | a message meaning the SSID is not being broadcast, so it must be entered manually | SSID introuvable |
| channel | a numbered frequency an AP and NIC use to communicate; must match on both sides | canal |
| omnidirectional antenna | an antenna that radiates signal in all directions | antenne omnidirectionnelle |
| directional antenna | an antenna that radiates signal in one specific direction | antenne directionnelle |
| site survey | an on-site examination to determine the best placement for wireless hardware | etude de site |
| MIMO | multiple input/multiple output - using several antennas to increase wireless speed via multiple data streams | MIMO |
| MU-MIMO | multi-user MIMO, letting an AP serve several devices' data streams at the same time | MU-MIMO |
| Wi-Fi analyzer | a tool/app that detects nearby wireless networks/hotspots and can help locate wireless devices | analyseur Wi-Fi |
| low RF signal | a weak wireless signal, often because the device is too far from the access point | signal radio faible |
| external interference | signal degradation from other devices/networks operating on the same frequency | interference externe |
| intermittent wireless connectivity | a wireless connection that comes and goes, often due to distance, interference, or obstructions | connectivite sans fil intermittente |
| frequency band | a range of frequencies used for wireless communication, such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz | bande de frequence |
| wireless regulations | country-specific rules governing wireless frequency ranges, channels, and maximum power levels | reglementation sans fil |
| static IP address | an IP address manually configured on a device rather than assigned automatically | adresse IP statique |
| dynamic IP address | an IP address automatically assigned to a device, usually via DHCP | adresse IP dynamique |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - automatically assigns IP addressing information to devices | DHCP |
| DHCP server | software (on a server or router) that hands out IP addresses to requesting devices | serveur DHCP |
| DHCP scope | the pool/range of IP addresses a DHCP server can issue | etendue DHCP (scope) |
| DHCP lease time | how long an issued DHCP IP address remains valid before renewal is needed | duree de bail DHCP |
| DHCP exclusion | an IP range a DHCP server is told never to hand out automatically | exclusion DHCP |
| APIPA | automatic private IP addressing - a self-assigned 169.254.x.x address used when no DHCP server responds | adressage IP prive automatique |
| default gateway | the router address a device uses to send traffic destined for another network | passerelle par defaut |
| gateway | another name for the default gateway address | passerelle |
| IP addressing scheme | the overall plan for how IP addresses (and often VLANs) are assigned across an organization's networks | plan d'adressage IP |
| DNS | Domain Name Service - translates internet/domain names into IP addresses | DNS |
| DNS server | a server running DNS, translating names to IP addresses for clients | serveur DNS |
| client-side DNS | configuring a computer with the DNS server address(es) it should use, via DHCP or manually | DNS cote client |
| A record | a DNS record holding a domain's IPv4 address | enregistrement A |
| AAAA record | a DNS record holding a domain's IPv6 address | enregistrement AAAA |
| MX record | a DNS record that routes email to a domain's mail server | enregistrement MX |
| CNAME record | a DNS record mapping an alias name to another domain name | enregistrement CNAME |
| TXT record | a DNS text record used for documentation/security verification | enregistrement TXT |
| domain | (here) a corporate network where devices are registered to domain controllers for centralized management | domaine |
| WEP | Wireless Encryption Protocol, an old and weak wireless security standard (64/128-bit) | WEP |
| TKIP | Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, often used with WPA/WPA2 | TKIP |
| WPA | Wi-Fi Protected Access, an early replacement for WEP, often used with PSK/TKIP | WPA |
| WPA2 | a stronger wireless security standard using CCMP, optionally with AES | WPA2 |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard, a strong block cipher used with WPA2 (128/192/256-bit keys) | AES |
| WPA3 | the newest Wi-Fi security standard, using SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) for authentication | WPA3 |
| SSID not found | the message shown when a network's SSID is not being broadcast, requiring manual entry | SSID introuvable |
| virtual NIC | a software network adapter assigned to a virtual machine, with its own MAC address | carte reseau virtuelle |
| firewall | a device or software that inspects and filters traffic based on security rules | pare-feu |
| DMZ (screened subnet) | a separated network segment that lets a server be reached from outside the main network | zone demilitarisee |
| port forwarding (port mapping) | opening specific ports/applications through a router instead of exposing a whole device via DMZ | redirection de ports |
| UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) | a router feature that auto-configures ports for P2P apps, but can be a security risk | UPnP |
| content filtering | blocking access to specific web pages, sometimes with a time range | filtrage de contenu |
| IP filtering | using allow/deny lists to control which users, sites, IPs, protocols, or apps can be used | filtrage IP |
| secure management access | the administration settings controlling password-protected/remote access to a network device | acces de gestion securise |
| firmware | the embedded code running a network device, which can be updated for security/features | micrologiciel (firmware) |
| WWAN (cellular) | wireless broadband connectivity using cellular technology, via USB device, built-in modem, or hotspot | WWAN cellulaire |
| IoT (Internet of Things) | the interconnectivity of sensors and everyday devices over a network, usually wireless | Internet des objets |
| no connectivity | a device has no network connection at all | aucune connectivite |