Relis d'abord la liste complete des key terms du chapitre. Puis reponds au QCM : a chaque tentative, 15 termes sont tires au hasard parmi les 65 de ce chapitre, avec des definitions d'autres termes comme pieges.
| Terme (EN) | Definition (EN) | FR |
|---|---|---|
| processor / CPU | the central processing unit; executes instructions, performs calculations, coordinates I/O | processeur / unite centrale (CPU) |
| ARM processor | a low-power processor architecture common in mobile devices, also used in some desktops/servers | processeur ARM |
| SoC (system on a chip) | a single chip containing the CPU, RAM, graphics processor, and ports | systeme sur puce (SoC) |
| AMD | Advanced Micro Devices, one of the two predominant desktop/laptop CPU manufacturers | AMD (fabricant de processeurs) |
| Intel | one of the two predominant desktop/laptop CPU manufacturers | Intel (fabricant de processeurs) |
| x86 / x64 | x86 refers to the Intel 8086 processor lineage; x64 (x86-64) is the 64-bit update | architectures x86 / x64 |
| gigahertz (GHz) | a unit of processor speed equal to 1 billion cycles per second | gigahertz (GHz) |
| bus | electronic lines that move 1s and 0s between parts of a computer | bus (electronique) |
| internal data bus | the bus that moves data inside the CPU | bus de donnees interne |
| external data bus | the bus (also called external data path) that lets the CPU communicate with the outside world | bus de donnees externe |
| cache memory | very fast memory that speeds up processor operations by holding data the CPU needs | memoire cache |
| clock / clock speed | the speed of the processor's internal clock, measured in GHz | horloge / frequence d'horloge |
| FSB (front side bus) | the bus speed between the CPU and some motherboard components, i.e. the motherboard speed | bus frontal (FSB) |
| CPU speed | the operating speed of the CPU, adjustable on some motherboards | vitesse du CPU |
| CPU throttling | reducing the CPU's clock frequency to save power and reduce heat | limitation du CPU (throttling) |
| L1 cache | cache memory built directly into the processor, the fastest type | cache L1 |
| L2 cache | cache in the processor packaging but not part of the CPU itself (on-die cache) | cache L2 |
| L3 cache | cache found in more powerful processors, in the CPU housing or on the motherboard | cache L3 |
| back side bus | the bus that connects the CPU to the L2 cache | bus arriere (back side bus) |
| chipset | a motherboard component that determines max memory, memory type, USB port count/type, etc. | chipset |
| HyperTransport | AMD's high-speed bus connecting processor cores directly to memory and other components | HyperTransport (bus AMD) |
| multicore | having more than one processor core in the same CPU housing | multicoeur |
| thread | a small piece of an application process that a CPU core can execute | thread (fil d'execution) |
| NPU (neural processing unit) | part of a processor's architecture used for AI tasks/calculations | NPU (unite de traitement neuronal) |
| AI (artificial intelligence) | computing tasks that mimic intelligent behavior, often accelerated by an NPU | IA (intelligence artificielle) |
| core configurations | an exam term covering core count, clock speed, and matching cores to the customer's needs | configurations de coeurs |
| GPU (graphics processing unit) | a processor specialized in graphics, either on a dedicated video card or integrated with the CPU | GPU (unite de traitement graphique) |
| iGPU / IGP | an integrated GPU built into the CPU, removing the need for a separate video card | GPU integre (iGPU/IGP) |
| APU (accelerated processing unit) | AMD's term for a CPU with an integrated GPU | APU (AMD) |
| virtualization | technology that lets one computer run one or more virtual machines | virtualisation |
| VM (virtual machine) | a software-based computer running inside a physical computer, with its own OS | machine virtuelle (VM) |
| virtualization support | a firmware/CPU feature that must be enabled/present to run virtual machines efficiently | support de virtualisation |
| AMD (processor families) | AMD's Ryzen processor line, from Ryzen 3 (entry) to Ryzen Threadripper (extreme high-end) | familles de processeurs AMD (Ryzen) |
| CPU socket | the motherboard connector that a processor inserts into | support/socket CPU |
| multisocket | a motherboard that can accept more than one CPU, typically used in servers | carte mere multi-socket |
| ZIF socket | zero insertion force socket - a CPU socket with a lever, requiring no force to seat the CPU | support ZIF (force d'insertion nulle) |
| heat sink | a block/fins of metal that draws heat away from the processor | dissipateur thermique (heat sink) |
| fan | a cooling device attached to the processor, case, or nearby | ventilateur |
| thermal paste | a compound applied between the processor and heat sink to improve heat transfer | pate thermique |
| thermal pad | a pad providing uniform heat dispersion between the processor and heat sink | pad thermique |
| liquid cooling | a cooling method that circulates liquid through a heat sink on the CPU to remove heat | refroidissement liquide |
| overclocking | changing the front side bus speed and/or multiplier to boost CPU/system speed, at the cost of extra heat and risk | overclocking (survitesse) |
| throttle management | controlling CPU speed by slowing it down when idle or hot, to save power/heat | gestion du throttle (throttle management) |
| blank screen | a symptom where nothing displays even though the power supply and monitor work | ecran noir (blank screen) |
| unusual noise | an abnormal sound, often from a fan, that can signal a cooling problem | bruit inhabituel |
| burning smell | a symptom that can indicate a fan failure causing the CPU to overheat and shut down | odeur de brule |
| POST beeps | beep codes during startup that can point to a specific hardware problem, including CPU issues | bips de POST |
| overheating | a processor or motherboard running too hot, the number-one cause of CPU problems | surchauffe |
| expansion slot | a motherboard slot used to add an adapter card | slot / emplacement d'extension |
| PCI | Peripheral Component Interconnect, an older expansion slot standard (32/64-bit, 33/66 MHz) | PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) |
| AGP | Accelerated Graphics Port, an older expansion slot standard used exclusively for video cards, later replaced by PCIe | AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) |
| PCIe (PCI Express) | the modern, faster, full-duplex expansion slot standard that replaced PCI and AGP | PCIe (PCI Express) |
| lane (PCIe) | a communication path in a PCIe slot; more lanes (x1, x4, x8, x16...) mean more bandwidth | voie PCIe (lane) |
| TPM (Trusted Platform Module) | a motherboard security chip that stores certificates/passwords and checks OS file integrity; required for Windows 11 | TPM (module de plateforme securisee) |
| HSM (hardware security module) | an adapter with a cryptoprocessor used to create/manage/store security keys and encrypt data | HSM (module de securite materiel) |
| form factor | the size/shape standard of a motherboard (e.g. ATX, ITX) | format (form factor) |
| ATX | Advanced Technology Extended, the most common desktop motherboard form factor | ATX (format de carte mere) |
| microATX | a smaller variety of the ATX motherboard form factor | microATX (mATX) |
| ITX | Information Technology eXtended, a small motherboard form factor family (mini/nano/pico-ITX) | ITX (format de carte mere) |
| POST (power-on self-test) | a startup self-test that helps diagnose motherboard/CPU problems, often with beep codes | POST (autotest de demarrage) |
| proprietary crash screen | a manufacturer-specific error screen shown when a system crashes | ecran de plantage proprietaire |
| random shutdown | the computer turning off unexpectedly, a symptom of CPU, motherboard, or power supply problems | extinction aleatoire |
| continuous reboot | the computer restarting repeatedly without staying on, a common motherboard/CPU/power symptom | redemarrage en boucle |
| capacitor swelling | a motherboard capacitor (metal cylinder) bulging - a sign the motherboard should be replaced | gonflement de condensateur |
| active listening | focusing on and truly listening to what the customer is saying, more than talking yourself | ecoute active |