Relis d'abord la liste complete des key terms du chapitre. Puis reponds au QCM : a chaque tentative, 15 termes sont tires au hasard parmi les 51 de ce chapitre, avec des definitions d'autres termes comme pieges.
| Terme (EN) | Definition (EN) | FR |
|---|---|---|
| BIOS (basic input/output system) | the motherboard chip/firmware that runs POST, boots the OS, and holds the Setup program | systeme d'entree/sortie de base |
| POST (power-on self-test) | a program that tests and initializes basic hardware at cold boot | autotest de mise sous tension |
| bootstrap program | a routine held in BIOS that locates an operating system and launches it | programme d'amorcage |
| Setup | the BIOS/UEFI program used to view and change motherboard, date/time, processor, memory, and drive settings | programme de configuration |
| cold boot | starting a computer from a powered-off state; runs POST | demarrage a froid |
| warm boot | restarting a computer that is already on; does not run POST | redemarrage a chaud |
| flash BIOS | upgrading or downgrading the BIOS/UEFI firmware without replacing the chip | mise a jour du BIOS (flashage) |
| UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) | a modern firmware interface that can replace or work with BIOS, adding a graphical, mouse-driven Setup environment and more features | interface micrologicielle extensible unifiee |
| boot options | the Setup menu that sets the order of devices checked for an operating system | options de demarrage |
| administrator password | a Setup password level that allows viewing and changing ALL BIOS/UEFI options | mot de passe administrateur |
| BIOS password / boot password | a password that protects BIOS/UEFI Setup or the boot process itself | mot de passe BIOS / mot de passe de demarrage |
| Passwords (Setup) | the general Setup category covering user, supervisor, and administrator password levels | mots de passe |
| fan control / fan considerations | Setup options to configure case/CPU fan behavior, including silent mode | controle des ventilateurs |
| temperature monitoring | a Setup screen showing CPU/motherboard temperature, voltages, and fan speeds | surveillance de la temperature |
| drive encryption | a BIOS/UEFI setting that encrypts hard drive data with a key/password | chiffrement du disque |
| LoJack | a BIOS/UEFI security feature to locate, lock, or wipe a stolen device remotely | LoJack (antivol) |
| Secure Boot | a UEFI feature that checks every driver/OS loader before allowing boot, to block unauthorized software | demarrage securise |
| USB permissions | a Setup option controlling USB speed and how many ports are enabled | permissions USB |
| Virtualization Support | a Setup option that enables the CPU features virtualization software needs | support de virtualisation |
| TPM (Trusted Platform Module) | a chip (or firmware feature) that generates and stores cryptographic keys and passwords | module de plateforme securisee |
| CMOS | a small memory chip on the motherboard that stores BIOS/UEFI settings, kept alive by a battery when the PC is off | memoire CMOS |
| TPM Clear | an option that erases all TPM security keys, causing loss of access to encrypted data unless backed up first | effacement du TPM |
| tpm.msc | the Windows command that opens the TPM initialization wizard | commande d'initialisation du TPM |
| CMOS battery | the coin-sized lithium battery (commonly a CR2032) that powers CMOS memory when the PC is off | pile CMOS |
| inaccurate system date/time | a symptom that usually points to a dying or dead CMOS battery | date/heure systeme incorrecte |
| flash BIOS | upgrading/downgrading the BIOS/UEFI firmware, usually by running a downloaded update file | flashage du BIOS |
| jumper | a small plastic piece that fits over pins to enable/disable a feature, such as resetting CMOS | cavalier |
| CMOS reset button | a physical button on some motherboards used to reset BIOS/UEFI settings to default | bouton de reinitialisation CMOS |
| bootable device not found | an error meaning BIOS/UEFI could not find an OS on any device in the boot order | peripherique de demarrage introuvable |
| system resources | the collective term for IRQs, I/O addresses, DMA channels, and memory addresses assigned to hardware | ressources systeme |
| IRQ (interrupt request) | a number assigned to a device so it can signal the processor in an orderly way | requete d'interruption |
| I/O address | a unique hexadecimal address that lets the CPU exchange data with a device | adresse d'entree/sortie |
| memory address | a unique address assigned to a memory chip, used by the CPU to access its data | adresse memoire |
| Device Manager | the Windows tool used to view/change system resources and check the status of installed hardware | gestionnaire de peripheriques |
| ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data) | the part of CMOS that stores resource assignment information for adapters/devices | donnees de configuration systeme etendues |
| driver | software that lets the operating system control a piece of hardware | pilote |
| registry | the central Windows database that holds hardware configuration and other settings | registre |
| USB header | a set of motherboard pins that a USB bracket/expansion plate cable connects to | connecteur USB de carte mere (header) |
| USB expansion card | a metal bracket with extra USB ports, connected to the motherboard's USB header pins | carte d'extension USB |
| USB power states (D0-D3) | power levels shown in Device Manager for a USB hub, from D0 (fully on) to D3 (lowest power) | etats d'alimentation USB |
| bus-powered hub | a USB hub running only on power from the USB port itself (no external power), giving less power per port | hub alimente par le bus |
| SATA port | a motherboard port connecting an internal SATA drive (hard drive or optical drive) | port SATA |
| eSATA (external SATA) | a port that lets you connect a SATA storage device outside the computer | eSATA (SATA externe) |
| eSATA bracket | an expansion-slot bracket with external eSATA ports, wired by cables to free motherboard SATA ports | bracket eSATA |
| eSATA card | a PCIe adapter card providing internal SATA and external eSATA ports on its own | carte eSATA |
| NIC (network interface card) | the adapter (built-in or added) that lets a device connect to a wired or wireless network | carte reseau |
| exclamation point (Device Manager) | a yellow icon on a device meaning a resource conflict or driver problem | point d'exclamation (gestionnaire de peripheriques) |
| yellow question mark (Device Manager) | an icon meaning Windows does not recognize the device at all | point d'interrogation jaune |
| Device Status | a section on a device's General Properties tab showing error codes and conflicts | statut du peripherique |
| gun slinger technician | a technician who changes several things at once when troubleshooting, so the real fix is never known for certain | technicien 'gun slinger' (methode brouillonne) |
| change one thing at a time | the recommended troubleshooting practice: test a single change, document it, and revert if it fails before trying the next | changer une seule chose a la fois |