Relis d'abord la liste complete des key terms du chapitre. Puis reponds au QCM : a chaque tentative, 15 termes sont tires au hasard parmi les 68 de ce chapitre, avec des definitions d'autres termes comme pieges.
| Terme (EN) | Definition (EN) | FR |
|---|---|---|
| ESD (electrostatic discharge) | a small static electricity shock that can damage electronic parts | decharge electrostatique |
| equipment grounding problem | a fault where a board touches the case frame because it was installed incorrectly | probleme de mise a la masse du materiel |
| antistatic wrist strap | a strap connecting the technician and the computer so no static shock happens between them | bracelet antistatique |
| antistatic gloves | gloves offering ESD protection, useful when a wrist strap has nowhere to attach | gants antistatiques |
| antistatic bag | a special bag used to store sensitive electronic parts like adapters or motherboards | sac antistatique |
| ESD mat | a mat placed under a computer during repair to reduce ESD risk | tapis antistatique |
| self-grounding | touching an unpainted metal part of the case instead of using a wrist strap | auto-mise a la terre |
| humidity | the amount of moisture in the air | humidite |
| cumulative | building up little by little over time | cumulatif |
| EMI (electromagnetic interference) | electrical noise from nearby devices that can cause computer problems | interference electromagnetique |
| RFI (radio frequency interference) | a type of EMI in the radio-frequency range | interference radioelectrique |
| intermittent | a problem that happens sometimes, then disappears, unpredictably | intermittent |
| slot cover | a metal plate covering an empty expansion slot opening on the case | cache d'emplacement d'extension |
| FRU (field replaceable unit) | a part designed to be removed and replaced, like a power supply or motherboard | piece remplacable sur site |
| Phillips screwdriver | a cross-shaped screwdriver, common sizes #0, #1, #2 | tournevis cruciforme |
| hex nut driver | a tool shaped to turn hexagonal nuts/standoffs | cle a douille hexagonale |
| needle-nose pliers | pliers with a thin, pointed tip, used to straighten bent pins | pince a bec fin |
| magnetic screwdriver | a screwdriver with a magnetic tip; avoid it near memory modules | tournevis aimante |
| CMOS | the memory that stores BIOS/UEFI configuration settings, kept alive by the motherboard battery | memoire CMOS |
| I/O shield | the metal plate around the back ports that provides grounding and airflow for the motherboard | plaque I/O |
| standoff | a small support that holds the motherboard above the case, preventing it from touching bare metal | entretoise |
| front panel connector | small cables linking the case's front buttons, ports, and lights to the motherboard | connecteur de facade |
| keyed (connector) | shaped so it can only be inserted correctly, one way | detrompe |
| 20+4 pin connector | a motherboard power connector made of a 20-pin piece plus a separate 4-pin piece, together forming 24 pins | connecteur 20+4 broches |
| SATA connector | a thin, keyed connector used for hard drive/optical drive data or power cables | connecteur SATA |
| SSD (solid-state drive) | a storage drive with no moving parts, sensitive to ESD but not to shocks | disque a etat solide |
| self-parking heads | a mechanical hard drive feature that moves the read/write heads to a safe spot before impact | tetes a parcage automatique |
| preventive maintenance | regular cleaning and checks that make equipment last longer | maintenance preventive |
| maintenance kit | a bundled set of cleaning/safety tools sold for service calls | kit de maintenance |
| MSDS / SDS | a safety data sheet describing a product's toxicity, storage, and disposal | fiche de donnees de securite |
| AC (alternating current) | the type of electricity from a wall outlet | courant alternatif |
| DC (direct current) | the type of electricity used by computer components | courant continu |
| voltage | the electrical pressure, measured in volts | tension |
| current | the amount of electricity flowing, measured in amps | courant / intensite |
| resistance | opposition to current flow, measured in ohms; used to check for a broken wire | resistance |
| multimeter | a tool used to measure voltage, current, and resistance | multimetre |
| continuity | a check that confirms a wire has no break in it | continuite |
| +5VSB (standby power) | a small voltage a power supply always provides, even when the computer is off | alimentation de veille +5VSB |
| polarity | which lead (positive/negative) goes where; matters for DC voltage checks, not for continuity | polarite |
| power supply unit (PSU) | converts AC to DC and distributes power to all computer parts | bloc d'alimentation |
| 24-pin connector | the main power connector between the power supply and the motherboard | connecteur 24 broches |
| form factor | the shape and size standard of a component (e.g. ATX) | format / facteur de forme |
| ACPI | a standard that lets the OS control a device's power states (like sleep) | ACPI (gestion d'alimentation) |
| power plan | operating system settings that manage power states to save energy | plan d'alimentation |
| sleep / standby mode | a low-power state that lets the device wake up quickly | mode veille |
| hibernate | a deep sleep mode that saves RAM to disk and uses the least power, but wakes up slowest | mode hibernation |
| Wake on LAN | a feature that lets a computer be woken up remotely over the network | reveil reseau (Wake on LAN) |
| Wake on Ring | a feature that wakes a computer when an incoming call arrives on a phone line | reveil par sonnerie (Wake on Ring) |
| auto-switching power supply | a power supply that automatically detects and adapts to 110V or 220VAC input | bloc d'alimentation auto-detectable |
| converter (Molex-to-SATA / Molex-to-PCIe) | a small adapter cable that lets one connector type power a different device | convertisseur de connecteur |
| Y power connector | a splitter cable that turns one power connector into two | connecteur d'alimentation en Y |
| wattage | the maximum power a power supply can provide, measured in watts | puissance (en watts) |
| dual/triple-rail power supply | a PSU with two or three separately monitored +12V output lines | bloc d'alimentation double/triple rail |
| 80 PLUS | an energy efficiency rating system for power supplies, from lowest to Titanium (highest) | norme d'efficacite energetique 80 PLUS |
| modular power supply | a power supply with detachable cables, so unused ones are simply left off | bloc d'alimentation modulaire |
| surge protector | a device that protects against sudden voltage spikes | parafoudre |
| UPS (uninterruptible power supply) | a battery backup device that keeps a computer running briefly during a power outage | onduleur |
| line conditioner | a device that smooths out and stabilizes incoming power quality | conditionneur de ligne |
| power supply tester | a tool used to check the DC voltage output of a power supply | testeur de bloc d'alimentation |
| AC circuit tester | a tool used to check whether a wall outlet is wired correctly | testeur de circuit secteur |
| power good signal | a signal sent by the PSU to the motherboard confirming its voltages are correct | signal 'power good' |
| POST | the computer's Power-On Self-Test, run when it starts | autotest de demarrage |
| POST beep | a beep code during startup that can indicate a hardware problem | bip sonore de demarrage |
| redundant power supply | a backup power supply (often in servers) that takes over if the main one fails | alimentation redondante |
| blank screen / no power | a common symptom name for a device that shows nothing and does not turn on | ecran noir / pas d'alimentation |
| documentation | written records describing a problem and what was done to fix it | documentation |
| subject line | the short title of an email that describes its topic | objet (d'un email) |
| jargon | technical words that may confuse a non-technical reader | jargon |